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Summary: No single factor explains the decline, but the thread tying them together is a rapidly warming environment. Warmer oceans are reshaping food webs, leaving young salmon with less nutritious prey and higher energy demands during their most vulnerable first year at sea. These ecological pressures ripple outward—affecting different salmon species in uneven ways and disrupting the communities, cultures, and economies that depend on them. Once salmon leave Alaska’s rive

This winter, the latest Arctic Report Card from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) confirmed what many in Alaska are already seeing firsthand: the Arctic is warming faster than any other region on Earth, and the Last Frontier’s rivers are experiencing some of the most rapid, visible, and consequential change. As reported by both NPR and The New York Times , these changes are no longer subtle. Melting permafrost is altering river chemistry, increasing